Popular high-altitude travel destinations include 

High-altitude environments expose travelers to cold, low humidity, increased ultraviolet radiation, and decreased air pressure, all of which can cause health problems. The biggest concern, however, is hypoxia, due to the decreased partial pressure of oxygen (PO2). At around 3,050 m (approximately 10,000 ft), for example, the inspired PO2 is only 69% of that at sea level; acute exposure to this reduced PO2 can lower arterial oxygen saturation to 88–91%.

The magnitude and consequences of hypoxic stress depend on the altitude, rate of ascent, and duration of exposure; host genetic factors may also contribute. Hypoxemia is greatest during sleep; day trips to high-altitude destinations with an evening return to a lower altitude are much less stressful on the body. Because of the key role of increased ventilation on ascent to high altitudes, travelers with compromised lung function must be cautious, and all travelers should avoid taking respiratory depressants.

The human body can adjust to moderate hypoxia at altitudes up to approximately 5,200 m (≤17,000 ft) but requires time to do so. Some acclimatization to high altitude continues for weeks to months, but the acute process, which occurs over the first 3–5 days following ascent, is crucial for travelers. The acute phase is associated with a steady increase in ventilation, improved oxygenation, and changes in cerebral blood flow. Increased red cell production does not play a role in acute acclimatization, although a decrease in plasma volume over the first few days does increase hemoglobin concentration.

Altitude illness can develop before the acute acclimatization process is complete, but not afterward. In addition to preventing altitude illness, acclimatization improves sleep, increases comfort and sense of well-being, and improves submaximal endurance; maximal exercise performance at high altitude will always be reduced compared to that at low altitude.

Travelers can optimize acclimatization by adjusting their itineraries to avoid going "too high too fast" (Box 3.5.1). Gradually ascending to altitude or staging the ascent provides crucial time for the body to adjust. For example, acclimatizing for a minimum of 2–3 nights at around 2,450 to approximately 2,750 m (8,000–9,000 ft) before proceeding to a higher altitude is markedly protective against acute mountain sickness (AMS). The Wilderness Medical Society recommends avoiding ascent to a sleeping altitude of 2,750 m (≥9,000 ft) in a single day; ascending at a rate of no greater than 500 m (1,650 ft) per night in sleeping altitude once above 3,000 m (9,800 ft); and allowing an extra night to acclimatize for every 1,000 m (3,300 ft) of sleeping altitude gain. These reasonable recommendations can still be too fast for some travelers and too slow for others.

Avoid going directly from low altitude (1,200 m or <4,000 ft) to 2,750 m (>9,000 ft) sleeping altitude in one day.

Once above 3,000 m (9,850 ft), move sleeping altitude by no more than 500 m (1,600 ft) per day and plan an extra day of acclimatization for every additional 1,000 m (3,300 ft) of sleeping altitude gain.

Avoid alcohol for the first 48 hours at high altitude.

If a regular caffeine user, continue using to avoid a withdrawal headache that could be confused with an altitude headache.

Participate in only mild exercise for the first 48 hours at altitude.

A high-altitude exposure (>2,750 m; >9,000 ft) for ≥2 nights, within 14 days before the trip, is useful but closer to the trip departure is better.

Susceptibility and resistance to altitude illness are, in part, genetically determined traits, but there are no simple screening tests to predict risk. Training and physical fitness do not affect risk. A traveler's sex plays a minimal role, if any, in determining predisposition. Children are as susceptible as adults; people aged >50 years have slightly less risk. Any unacclimatized traveler proceeding to a sleeping altitude of ≥2,450 m (≥8,000 ft)—and sometimes lower—is at risk for altitude illness. In addition, travelers who have successfully adjusted to an altitude are at risk when moving to higher sleeping altitudes, especially if the altitude gain is 600–900 m (>2,000–3,000 ft).

How a traveler previously responded to high altitude is the most reliable guide for future trips but only if the altitude and rate of ascent are similar, and even then, this is not an infallible predictor. In addition to inherent susceptibilities, a traveler's risk for developing altitude illness is influenced by 2 other main factors: altitude of entry to high altitude and the subsequent rate of ascent (Table 3.5.1). Creating an itinerary to avoid any occurrence of altitude illness is difficult because of variations in individual susceptibility as well as in starting points and terrain. The goal for the traveler might not be to avoid all symptoms of altitude illness but to have no more than mild illness, thereby avoiding itinerary changes or the need for medical assistance or evacuation.

*Assumes starting altitude <1,200 m (<4,000 ft)

Abbreviations: HACE, high-altitude cerebral edema; HAPE, high-altitude pulmonary edema; AMS, acute mountain sickness.

Low risk: Acetazolamide prophylaxis is not indicated. The traveler should carry over-the-counter analgesics for headache and have acetazolamide to speed acclimatization as necessary or to treat early AMS.

Medium risk: Acetazolamide prophylaxis would be beneficial; consider its use. Have the traveler carry acetazolamide for prevention or treatment of AMS and consider prescribing dexamethasone for emergency use.

Some common high-altitude destinations require rapid ascent by airplane to >11,150 ft (>3,400 m), placing travelers in a high-risk category for AMS. A common travel medicine question is whether to recommend acetazolamide for travelers when gradual or staged acclimatization is not feasible. With rates of altitude illness approaching 50% in these situations, a low threshold for chemoprophylaxis is advised. In some cases (e.g., Cusco and La Paz), travelers can descend to elevations lower than the airport to sleep for 1–2 nights and then begin their ascent, perhaps obviating the need for medication.

Itineraries along some trekking routes in Nepal, particularly Everest base camp, push the limits of many people's ability to acclimatize. Even on standard acclimatization schedules, the prevalence of altitude illness can approach 30% at higher elevations. Whenever possible, adding extra days to the trek can make for a more enjoyable and safer trip.

Altitude illness is divided into three syndromes: AMS; high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE); and high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). Some healthcare professionals consider high-altitude headache a separate entity because isolated headache can occur without the combined symptoms that define AMS.

AMS is the most common form of altitude illness, affecting, for example, 25% of all visitors sleeping at altitudes >2,450 m (>8,000 ft) in Colorado.

Diagnosis of AMS is based on a history of recent ascent to high altitude and the presence of subjective symptoms. AMS symptoms are like those of an alcohol hangover; headache is the cardinal symptom, usually accompanied by ≥1 of the following: anorexia, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, or, occasionally, vomiting. Uncommonly, AMS presents without headache. Symptom onset is usually 2–12 hours after initial arrival at a high altitude or after ascent to a higher elevation and often during or after the first night. Preverbal children with AMS can develop loss of appetite, irritability, and pallor. AMS generally resolves within 12–48 hours if travelers do not ascend farther.

The condition is typically self-limited, developing and resolving over 1–3 days. Symptoms starting after 3 days of arrival at high altitude and without further ascent should not be attributed to AMS. AMS has no characteristic physical findings; pulse oximetry is usually within the normal range for the altitude or slightly lower than normal, while a high arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) for the altitude seems to be protective of AMS. With pulse oximeters available for under $30, travelers may want to have a pulse oximeter with them to gauge their acclimatization progress. Figure 3.5.1 shows the expected range of SpO2 for a given altitude.

The differential diagnosis of AMS is broad; common considerations include alcohol hangover, carbon monoxide poisoning, dehydration, drug intoxication, exhaustion, hyponatremia, and migraine. Unlike viral syndromes, there is no coryza, fever, chills, or myalgia. Travelers with AMS will improve rapidly with descent ≥300 m (≥1,000 ft), and this can be a useful indication for a diagnosis of AMS.

"From NEJM, A Luks and P Hackett, Medical conditions and high-altitude travel; 386(4):364–73. Copyright © (2022) Massachusetts Medical Society. Reprinted with permission."

This graph shows the expected range of arterial oxygen saturations on ascent to high altitudes, after 1–2 days of acclimatization, with altitude (sea level to 5500 meters) on the y-axis and oxygen saturation (in percentage) on the x-axis.

AMS improves rapidly with a descent of 300 m (1,000 ft) or more, especially if exertion is minimal. If staying at the altitude of onset, supplemental oxygen at 1–2 L per minute will improve headache within about 30 minutes and resolve other AMS symptoms over hours, although it is rarely available. The popular small, handheld cans of compressed oxygen can provide brief relief but contain too little oxygen (5 L at most) for sustained improvement. Travelers with AMS but without HACE or HAPE (both described below) can remain safely at their current altitude and self-treat with non-opiate analgesics (e.g., ibuprofen 600 mg or acetaminophen 500 mg every 8 hours) and antiemetics (e.g., ondansetron 4 mg orally disintegrating tablets).

Acetazolamide speeds acclimatization and resolves AMS but is more commonly used and better validated for use as prophylaxis. Dexamethasone is more effective than acetazolamide at rapidly relieving the symptoms of moderate to severe AMS. If symptoms worsen while the traveler is at the same altitude and despite treatment, descent is mandatory.

As an encephalopathy, HACE is considered "end-stage" AMS. Fortunately, HACE is rare, especially at elevations <4,300 m (<14,000 ft). HACE is often a secondary consequence of the severe hypoxemia that occurs with HAPE.

Unlike AMS, HACE presents with neurological findings, particularly altered mental status, ataxia, confusion, and drowsiness, similar to alcohol intoxication. Focal neurologic findings and seizures are rare in HACE; their presence should lead to suspicion of an intracranial lesion, a seizure disorder, or hyponatremia. Other considerations for the differential diagnosis include carbon monoxide poisoning, drug intoxication, hypoglycemia, hypothermia, and stroke. Coma can ensue within 24 hours of onset.

In populated areas with access to medical care, HACE can be treated with supplemental oxygen and dexamethasone. In remote areas, initiate descent for anyone suspected of having HACE, in conjunction with dexamethasone and oxygen, if available. If descent is not feasible, supplemental oxygen or a portable hyperbaric device, in addition to dexamethasone, can be lifesaving. Coma is likely to ensue within 12–24 hours of the onset of ataxia in the absence of treatment or descent.

HAPE can occur by itself or in conjunction with AMS and HACE; incidence is roughly 1 per 10,000 skiers in Colorado, and ≤1 per 100 travelers at >4,300 m (>14,000 ft).

Rales are detectable in most victims. Pulse oximetry can aid in making the diagnosis; oxygen saturation values of 50–70% are common, which are at least 10 points lower than in healthy people at the same altitude. The differential diagnosis for HAPE includes bronchospasm, myocardial infarction, heart failure, pneumonia, and pulmonary embolism.

In most circumstances, descent is urgent and mandatory. Administer oxygen, if available, and exert the patient as little as possible. If immediate descent is not an option, the use of supplemental oxygen or a portable hyperbaric chamber is critical.

Patients with mild HAPE who have access to oxygen (e.g., at a hospital or high-altitude medical clinic) might not need to descend to a lower altitude and can be treated with oxygen over 2–4 days and bedrest at the current altitude. In field settings, where resources are limited and the margin for error is lower, nifedipine can be used as an adjunct to descent, oxygen, or portable hyperbaric oxygen therapy. A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor can be used if nifedipine is not available, but concurrent use of multiple pulmonary vasodilators is not recommended. Descent and oxygen are much more effective treatments than medication.

Sleep disturbance is the most common complaint of travelers to high altitudes. Although not necessarily associated with altitude illness, it can be bothersome. Above approximately 2,700 m (9,000 ft), some degree of periodic breathing becomes nearly universal and can interrupt sleep. In addition, sleep stage is altered and awakenings are frequent. Sleep generally but not always improves with acclimatization. Acetazolamide is effective for periodic breathing, and since it raises nocturnal SpO2, it can help with other aspects of altered sleep. Respiratory depressants such as alcohol and opiates should not be used to aid sleep at high altitude. Short half-life hypnotics, such as zolpidem 5 mg or zaleplon 5 mg, are recognized as generally safe and effective, but at least 8 hours after ingestion should be allowed for dissipation of effects before undertaking activities. Other agents such as diphenhydramine and melatonin have not been studied, but they do not depress the hypoxic ventilatory response and in small doses are considered safe.

Recommendations for use and dosages of medications to prevent and treat altitude illness are listed in Table 3.5.2.

AMS: 4 mg every 6 hours

Abbreviations: AMS, acute mountain sickness; HACE, high-altitude cerebral edema; HAPE, high-altitude pulmonary edema; IM, intramuscular; IV, intravenous; PO, by mouth; SR, sustained release.

When taken preventively, acetazolamide hastens acclimatization to high-altitude hypoxia, thereby reducing the occurrence and severity of AMS. It also enhances recovery if taken after symptoms have developed. The drug works primarily by inducing bicarbonate diuresis and metabolic acidosis, which counteracts the respiratory alkalosis, thereby stimulating ventilation and increasing alveolar and arterial oxygenation, especially during sleep. By using acetazolamide, high-altitude ventilatory acclimatization that normally takes 3–5 days takes only one day.

An effective dose for prophylaxis that minimizes the common side effects of paresthesia is 125 mg every 12 hours, beginning the day before ascent and continuing the first two days at altitude, and longer if ascent continues. Acetazolamide can also be taken episodically for symptoms of AMS, as needed. To date, the only dose studied for treatment is 250 mg (2 doses taken 8 hours apart), although the lower dosage used for prevention has anecdotally been successful. The pediatric dose is 2.5 to 5 mg/kg/day in divided doses, up to 125 mg, twice a day.

Dexamethasone is effective for preventing and treating AMS and HACE and might prevent HAPE as well. Unlike acetazolamide, if the drug is discontinued at altitude before acclimatization, mild rebound can occur. Acetazolamide is preferable to prevent AMS while ascending, and dexamethasone generally should be reserved for treatment, usually as an adjunct to descent. The adult dose is 4 mg every 6 hours; rarely is it needed for more than 1–2 days. An increasing trend is to use dexamethasone for "summit day" on high peaks (e.g., Aconcagua and Kilimanjaro) to prevent abrupt altitude illness.

Recent studies have shown that taking ibuprofen 600 mg every 8 hours helps prevent AMS, although not quite as effectively as acetazolamide. Ibuprofen is available over the counter, inexpensive, and well tolerated.

Nifedipine both prevents and ameliorates HAPE. For prevention, nifedipine is generally reserved for people who are particularly susceptible to the condition. The adult dose for prevention or treatment is 30 mg of the sustained-release version every 12 hours or 20 mg every 8 hours. Nifedipine is difficult to dose in children, and amlodipine is preferred in children under 50 kg.

The main point of instructing travelers about altitude illness is not to eliminate the possibility of mild illness but to prevent severe illness, need for evacuation, or death. Because the onset of symptoms and the clinical course are sufficiently slow and predictable, there is no reason for anyone to die from altitude illness unless they are trapped by weather or geography in situations where descent is impossible and treatment is inaccessible. Travelers can adhere to three rules to help prevent death or serious consequences from altitude illness:

Know the early symptoms of altitude illness (same as a hangover) and be willing to acknowledge when symptoms are present.

Never ascend to sleep at a higher altitude when experiencing symptoms of altitude illness, no matter how minor the symptoms seem.

For trekking groups and expeditions going into remote high-altitude areas, where descent to a lower altitude could be problematic, a pressurization bag (e.g., the Gamow bag) can be beneficial. A foot pump produces an increased pressure of 0.14 kg/cm2 (2 lb/in2), mimicking a descent of approximately 1,500–1,800 m (5,000–6,000 ft) depending on the starting elevation. The total packed weight of the bag and pump is about 6.5 kg (14 lb).

Travelers with preexisting medical conditions must optimize their treatment and have their conditions stable before departure. In addition, these travelers should have plans for dealing with exacerbation of their conditions at high altitude. Travelers with underlying medical conditions (e.g., coronary artery disease, any form of chronic pulmonary disease or preexisting hypoxemia, obstructive sleep apnea [OSA], or sickle cell trait)—even if well-controlled—should consult a physician familiar with high-altitude medical issues before undertaking such travel (Table 3.5.3).

Healthcare professionals advising travelers should know that in most high-altitude resorts and cities, "home" oxygen is readily available, but in the United States, a prescription is required. Supplemental oxygen, whether continuous, episodic, or nocturnal, depending on the circumstances, is very effective at restoring oxygenation to low-altitude values and eliminates the risk of altitude illness and exacerbation of preexisting medical conditions.

1Travelers with these conditions most often require consultation with a physician experienced in high-altitude medicine and a comprehensive management plan

Travelers with diabetes can travel safely to high altitudes, but they must be accustomed to exercise if participating in strenuous activities and should carefully monitor their blood glucose. Diabetic ketoacidosis can be triggered by altitude illness and can be more difficult to treat in people taking acetazolamide. Not all glucometers read accurately at high altitude.

Travelers with sleep disordered breathing who are planning high-altitude travel should receive acetazolamide. Those with mild to moderate OSA who are not hypoxic at home might do well without a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device, while those with severe OSA should be advised to avoid high-altitude travel unless they receive supplemental oxygen in addition to their CPAP. Oral appliances for OSA can be useful adjuncts when electrical power is unavailable.

There are no studies or case reports describing fetal harm among women who briefly travel to high altitude during their pregnancy. Nevertheless, healthcare professionals might be prudent to recommend that pregnant women do not stay at sleeping altitudes >3,050 m (>10,000 ft). Travel to high altitudes during pregnancy warrants confirmation of good maternal health and verification of a low-risk gestation. Advise pregnant travelers of the dangers of having a pregnancy complication in remote, mountainous terrain.

Most people do not have visual problems at high altitude. At very high altitudes, however, some people who have had radial keratotomy procedures might develop acute farsightedness and be unable to care for themselves. Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and other newer procedures may produce only minor visual disturbances at high elevations.

Altitude illness

Preventing severe altitude illness or death

Bärtsch, P., & Swenson, E. R. (2013). Acute high-altitude illnesses. The New England Journal of Medicine, 369(17), 1666–1667. https://www.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc1309747

Hackett, P. H., Luks, A. M., Lawley, J. S., & Roach, R. C. (2017). Wilderness medicine, high-altitude medicine and pathophysiology (7th ed., pp. 8–28). Elsevier.

Hackett, P. H., & Roach, R. C. (2004). High altitude cerebral edema. High Altitude Medicine & Biology, 5(2), 136–146. https://www.doi.org/10.1089/1527029041352054

Luks, A. M., Beidleman, B. A., Freer, L., Grissom, C. K., Keyes, L. E., McIntosh, S. E., . . . Hackett, P. H. (2023). Wilderness Medical Society clinical practice guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of acute altitude illness: 2024 update. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, 35(1), 2S–19S. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2023.05.013

Luks, A. M., & Hackett, P. H. (2022). Medical conditions and high-altitude travel. The New England Journal of Medicine, 386(4), 364–373. https://www.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra2104829

Luks, A. M., & Swenson, E. R. (2008). Medication and dosage considerations in the prophylaxis and treatment of high-altitude illness. Chest, 133(3), 744–755. https://www.doi.org/10.1378/chest.07-1417

Roach, R. C., Lawley, J. S., & Hackett, P. H. (2017). Wilderness medicine, high-altitude physiology (7th ed., pp. 2–8). Elsevier.

Shlim, D. R. (2020). The use of acetazolamide for the prevention of high-altitude illness. Journal of Travel Medicine, 27(6), 1–6. https://www.doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taz106

Woolcott, O. O. (2021). The Lake Louise acute mountain sickness score: Still a headache. High Altitude Medicine & Biology, 22(4), 351–352. https://www.doi.org/10.1089/ham.2021.0110

El volcán se encuentra situado entre los departamentos de Escuintla, Sacatepéquez y Guatemala. Alcanza una altitud de 3,766 m s. n. m. y se localiza en el municipio de Santa María de Jesús, departamento de Sacatepéquez, aproximadamente a 9 kilómetros de La Antigua Guatemala.

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La Antigua Guatemala, Sacatepéquez 
VI.   DIAGNOSTICO   
 
6.1.  DISTRIB UCIÓN GEOGRÁFICA Y DEM OGRÁFICA  
 
6.1.1   UBICACIÓN GE OGRÁFICA Y SUB RE GIONALI ZACIÓN M UNICIPAL  
 
a. Ubicación 
 
La ciudad de La Antigua Guatemala se encuentra localizada en la región V o Central de 
Guatemala con ubicación en el departamento de Sacatepéquez. Sus coordenadas 
geográficas  en latitud Norte 14o 33´30´´ y en la longitud Oeste de 90 o 43´50´´. La altitud es 
de 1,530.17 metros sobre el nivel del mar, a una distancia de la Ciudad de Guatemala de 48 
kilómetros, con tiempo aproximado de 1 hora. Su extensión territorial es de 78 kilómetros 
cuadrados. (DGN, 1981). 
 
b. Colindancias 
 
Sus colindancias son al norte con Jocotenango, Pastores y Santa Lucia Milpas Altas 
(Sacatepéquez); al sur con Ciudad Vieja y Santa María de Jesús (Sacatepéquez) al este, 
Magdalena Milpas Altas y Santa María de Jesús (Sacatepéquez), al oeste con Ciudad Vieja, 
San Antonio Aguas Calientes y Pastores (Sacatepéquez).   
 
 
FIGURA NO. 1  LOCALIZACIÓN Y UBICACIÓN DE LA ANTIGUA GUATEMALA  
 F UENTE : AMSAC,  2009.  
S N P
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Aldea El Hato  
 
Aldea de la cabecera municipal de La Antigua Guatemala, Sacatepéquez. Ubicada al oeste 
del cerro El Hato y al norte de la aldea San Felipe de Jesús, a 6 kilómetros por carretera al 
noreste de la cabecera municipal. En la  escuela se encuentra ubicado el banco de marca 
con los datos siguientes: altura 1,650 metros sobre el nivel del mar, latitud 14°34'54” norte, 
longitud 90°42'26” oeste. Se puede localizar en la hoja cartográfica de la Ciudad de 
Guatemala 2059 I.   
 
Aldea La Guardianía  
 
Aldea de la cabecera municipal de La Antigua Guatemala, Sacatepéquez, ubicada al este 
del cerro El Manchén, aproximadamente a 1.5 kilómetros por camino empedrado al norte 
de la cabecera. En la  escuela se encuentra ubicado el banco de marca con los  datos 
siguientes: Altura 1,602 metros sobre el nivel del mar, latitud 14°34'10”norte, longitud 
90°43'30”oeste. Se puede localizar en la hoja cartográfica de la Ciudad de Guatemala 2059 
I.  
 
Aldea San Bartolomé Becerra  
 
Aldea de la cabecera municipal de La Antigua Guatemala, Sacatepéquez, ubicada al sur 
poniente a  unos 2 kilómetros. En el atrio de la Iglesia se encuentra ubicado el banco de 
marca con los  datos siguientes: altura 1,535 metros sobre el nivel del mar, latitud 
14°32'50" norte, longitud 90°44'55" oeste. Se puede localizar en la hoja cartográfica de la 
Ciudad de Guatemala 2059 I.  
 
Aldea San Cristóbal El Alto 
 
Aldea municipal de La Antigua Guatemala, Sacatepéquez, ubicada de la cabecera con 
rumbo sur oriente a unos 4 kilómetros. En la escuela se encuentra ubicado el banco de 
marca con los  datos siguientes: altura 1,500 metros sobre el nivel del mar, latitud 
14°32'06" norte, longitud 90°42'52" oeste. Se puede localizar en la hoja cartográfica de la 
Ciudad de Guatemala 2059 I.  
Aldea San Cristóbal El Bajo  
 
Aldea municipal de La Antigua Guatemala, Sacatepéquez, ubicada al sur oriente de La 
Antigua Guatemala, aproximadamente a 2.00 kilómetros por carretera asfaltada y 
empedrada (500metros). En la  escuela se encuentra ubicado el banco de marca con los  
datos siguientes: altura 1,530 metros sobre el nivel del mar, latitud 14°32'25" norte, 
longitud 90°43'28" oeste. Se puede localizar en la hoja cartográfica de la Ciudad de 
Guatemala 2059 I.  
 
S N P
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La Antigua Guatemala, Sacatepéquez 
 
Aldea San Felipe de Jesús 
 
Aldea municipal de La Antigua Guatemala, Sacatepéquez, ubicada al norte de la cabecera 
por carretera asfaltada, en distancia poco menos de 2 kilómetros. En la  escuela se 
encuentra ubicado el banco de marca con los datos siguientes: altura 1,535 metros sobre el 
nivel del mar, latitud 14°32'22" norte, longitud 90°43'55" oeste. Se puede localizar en la 
hoja cartográfica de la Ciudad de Guatemala 2059 I. 
 
Aldea San Gaspar Vivar 
 
Aldea del municipio de La Antigua Guatemala, Sacatepéquez. Ubicada a 3 kilómetros por 
carretera asfaltada. En la  escuela se encuentra ubicado el banco de marca con los  datos 
siguientes: altura 1,530 metros sobre el nivel del mar, latitud 14°32'00" norte, longitud 
90°43'48" oeste. Se puede localizar en la hoja cartográfica Ciudad de Guatemala 2059 I. 
 
Aldea San Juan del Obispo 
 
Aldea municipal de La Antigua Guatemala, Sacatepéquez. Antes San Juan de Guatemala, 
tomó su nombre por haber edificado allí su residencia el primer obispo de Guatemala, 
ilustrísimo licenciado Francisco Marroquín. Está ubicada a 4 kilómetros al sur de la 
cabecera por carretera asfaltada. En la escuela se encuentra ubicado el banco de marca con 
los  datos siguientes: altura 1,600 metros sobre el nivel del mar, latitud 14º31'20” norte, 
longitud 90º43'38” oeste. Se puede localizar en la hoja cartográfica de la Ciudad de 
Guatemala 2059 I.  
 
Aldea San Juan Gascón 
 
Aldea del municipio de La Antigua Guatemala, Sacatepéquez, ubicada al este de 1a 
cabecera por carretera asfaltada, aproximadamente a unos 3 kilómetros. En la escuela se 
encuentra ubicado el banco de marca con los datos siguientes: altura 1,530 metros sobre el 
nivel del mar, latitud 14º33'50” norte, longitud 90º42'08” oeste. Se puede localizar en la 
hoja cartográfica de la Ciudad de Guatemala 2059 I.   
 
Aldea San Mateo Milpas Altas 
  
Aldea municipal de La Antigua Guatemala, Sacatepéquez, ubicada al este entre los ríos El 
Sauce y Santa María, aproximadamente a unos 4 kilómetros. En la escuela se encuentra 
ubicado el banco de marca con los datos  siguientes: altura 1,670 metros sobre el nivel del 
mar, latitud 14°34'45" norte, longitud 90°41'46" oeste. Se puede localizar en la hoja 
cartográfica de la Ciudad de Guatemala 2059 I.  
 
S N P
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Aldea San Pedro Las Huertas 
 
Aldea municipal de La Antigua Guatemala, Sacatepéquez. Se encuentra ubicada al sur de 
La Antigua Guatemala aproximadamente a 2.00 kilómetros. Por la carretera asfaltada. En la 
escuela se encuentra ubicado el banco de marca con los  datos siguientes: altura 1,533 
metros sobre el nivel del mar, latitud 14°31'46" norte, longitud 90°44'20" oeste. Se puede 
localizar en la hoja cartográfica Ciudad de Guatemala 2059 I.  
 
Santa Ana 
 
Aldea del municipio de La Antigua Guatemala, Sacatepéquez, ubicada al sur oriente de La 
Antigua Guatemala. En la escuela se encuentra ubicado el banco de marca con los  datos 
siguientes: altura 1,530 metros sobre el nivel del mar, latitud 14°32'50" norte, longitud 
90°43'35" oeste. Se puede localizar en la hoja cartográfica de la Ciudad de Guatemala 2059 
I.  
 
Aldea Santa Catarina Bobadilla 
 
Aldea del municipio de La Antigua Guatemala, Sacatepéquez, ubicada aproximadamente a 
3 kilómetros al sur de la cabecera. En la escuela se encuentra ubicado el banco de marca 
con los datos  siguientes: altura 1,540 metros sobre el nivel del mar, latitud 14°31'36" norte, 
longitud 90°43'37" oeste. Se puede localizar en la hoja cartográfica de la Ciudad de 
Guatemala 2059 I.  
 
Aldea Santa Inés del Monte Pulciano 
 
Aldea del municipio de La Antigua Guatemala, Sacatepéquez, ubicada al sur del río 
Pensativo, aproximadamente a 1 kilómetro al este de la cabecera por carretera asfaltada. En 
la escuela se encuentra ubicado el banco de marca con los datos siguientes: altura 1,535 
metros sobre el nivel del mar, latitud 14°33'14" norte, longitud 90°43'05" oeste, Se puede 
localizar en la hoja cartográfica Ciudad de Guatemala 2059 I. 
 
Dentro del municipio existen 44 lugares poblados donde el índice de ocupación es de 4 
personas por vivienda para el año 2002. En cuanto hacinamiento, el municipio presenta un 
33%. Es necesario destacar que el porcentaje es menor al nacional, el cual es de 41%. 
 
Esta cantidad de personas por hogar, constituye un reto para el abastecimiento de agua. 
Sumado a esto, el servicio también tiene que llegar forzosamente al visitante nacional y al 
extranjero. La Ciudad es un destino turístico internacional lo que genera una obligación al 
abastecimiento del líquido a toda costa, teniendo en cuenta que el principal motor del 
municipio es el turismo. 
 
S N P

3587507	Pico de Zunil	Pico de Zunil	Pico de Zunil,Volcan Zunil,Volcán Zunil	14.73996	-91.45001	T	VLC	GT		00				0		3533	America/Guatemala	2019-01-09
3588258	Totonicapán	Totonicapan	Totonicapan,Totonicapán,Totonikapan,Тотоникапан	14.91188	-91.36054	P	PPLA	GT		21	801			103952		2499	America/Guatemala	2025-05-15
3588289	Volcán Tolimán	Volcan Toliman	Volcan Toliman,Volcán Tolimán	14.6178	-91.18712	T	VLC	GT		19				0	3158	3046	America/Guatemala	2010-11-22
3588308	Todos Santos Cuchumatán	Todos Santos Cuchumatan	Cuchumatan,Todos Santos,Todos Santos Cuchumatan,Todos Santos Cuchumatanes,Todos Santos Cuchumatán	15.50846	-91.60382	P	PPLA2	GT		08	1315			3289		2500	America/Guatemala	2020-07-15
3588369	Tikal	Tikal	TKM,Tikal	17.22529	-89.6117	P	PPL	GT		12	1701			240		240	America/Guatemala	2020-07-12
3588471	Volcán Tecuamburro	Volcan Tecuamburro	Volcan Tecuamburro,Volcán Tecuamburro	14.15389	-90.4025	T	VLC	GT		18				0	1845	1684	America/Guatemala	2019-02-16
3588476	Tecpán Guatemala	Tecpan Guatemala	Tecpam,Tecpan,Tecpan Guatemala,Tecpán,Tecpán Guatemala	14.76181	-90.99247	P	PPLA2	GT		03	406			34519		2292	America/Guatemala	2023-02-11
3588586	Volcán Tajumulco	Volcan Tajumulco		15.0333	-91.9	T	VLC	GT		17				0	4220	3624	America/Guatemala	2006-01-17
3588595	Volcán Tahual	Volcan Tahual	Cerro Tahual,Volan Tahua,Volcan Tahual,Volcán Tahual,Volán Tahua	14.43664	-89.90505	T	VLC	GT		00				0	1716	1703	America/Guatemala	2020-06-10
3588669	Volcán Suchitán	Volcan Suchitan	Volcan Suchitan,Volcán Suchitán	14.3989	-89.7791	T	VLC	GT		11				0	2042	2014	America/Guatemala	2020-04-08
3588698	Sololá	Solola	Solola,Sololá,Солола	14.7707	-91.18344	P	PPLA	GT		19				45373		2044	America/Guatemala	2025-05-15
3588752	Volcán Siete Orejas	Volcan Siete Orejas	Cerro Siete Orejas,Tuigucxingan,Tuigucxingán,Volcan Siete Orejas,Volcán Siete Orejas,Vucxiquin,Vucxiquín	14.81505	-91.61739	T	VLC	GT		13				0	3370	3360	America/Guatemala	2011-04-18
3589063	Volcán Santo Tomás	Volcan Santo Tomas	Volcan Pecul,Volcan Santo Tomas,Volcán Pecul,Volcán Santo Tomás	14.7118	-91.47921	T	VLC	GT		00				0	3542	3515	America/Guatemala	2010-11-22
3589097	Volcán Santiaguito	Volcan Santiaguito	Crater Santiaguito,Volcan Santiaguito,Volcán Santiaguito	14.74323	-91.57018	T	VLC	GT		13				0		2510	America/Guatemala	2020-06-10
3589105	Santiago Atitlán	Santiago Atitlan	Atitlan,Atitlán,Santiago	14.63823	-91.22901	P	PPL	GT		19				33309		1603	America/Guatemala	2008-03-05
3589260	Volcán Santa María	Volcan Santa Maria		14.75709	-91.55171	T	VLC	GT		13	901			0	3772	3317	America/Guatemala	2025-01-16
3589402	Santa Cruz La Laguna	Santa Cruz La Laguna	Santa Cruz,Santa Cruz La Laguna	14.74421	-91.20716	P	PPLA2	GT		19				1422		1686	America/Guatemala	2019-01-09
3589637	San Pedro La Laguna	San Pedro La Laguna	San Pedro,San Pedro La Laguna	14.69297	-91.27201	P	PPL	GT		19				9681		1590	America/Guatemala	2015-03-26
3589647	Volcán San Pedro	Volcan San Pedro	Volcan San Pedro,Volcan de Choyjuyub,Volcán San Pedro,Volcán de Choyjuyub	14.65583	-91.26583	T	VLC	GT		19				0	3020	2968	America/Guatemala	2010-11-22
3589795	San Marcos La Laguna	San Marcos La Laguna	San Marcos,San Marcos La Laguna	14.72504	-91.25844	P	PPLA2	GT		19				2681		1586	America/Guatemala	2019-01-09
3589896	San Juan La Laguna	San Juan La Laguna	San Juan,San Juan La Laguna	14.69453	-91.28666	P	PPLA2	GT		19				4608		1605	America/Guatemala	2019-01-09
3590858	Retalhuleu	Retalhuleu	RER,Retalhuleo,Retalhuleu,Retalhuley,Retaluleu,Реталулеу	14.53575	-91.67848	P	PPLA	GT		15	1101			90505		241	America/Guatemala	2025-05-15
3590971	Volcán de Quezaltepeque	Volcan de Quezaltepeque	Cerro de Chiramay,Volcan Quetzaltepeque,Volcan de Quezaltepeque,Volcán Quetzaltepeque,Volcán de Quezaltepeque	14.64269	-89.37282	T	VLC	GT		04				0		1887	America/Guatemala	2020-06-10
3590979	Quetzaltenango	Quetzaltenango	AAZ,Kecaltenangas,Kecaltenango,Kesal'tenango,Ketsaltenan'nko,Ketzaltenango,Quetzaltenanco,Quetzaltenango,Quetzaltenānco,Quexaltenango,Quezaltenango,ke sa er te nan ge,keteusaltenang-go,ketsuarutenango,Κετσαλτενάνγκο,Кесальтенанго,Кецалтенанго,ケツァルテナンゴ,克薩爾特南戈,케트살테낭고	14.84462	-91.52316	P	PPLA	GT		13				180706		2351	America/Guatemala	2025-05-15
3591749	Panajachel	Panajachel	Panajachel	14.92525	-91.63454	P	PPL	GT		13				0		2593	America/Guatemala	2018-12-05
3591750	Panajachel	Panajachel	Panajachel	14.74185	-91.15676	P	PPLA2	GT		19				11142		1582	America/Guatemala	2023-02-10
3591968	Volcán de Pacaya	Volcan de Pacaya	Volcan Pacava,Volcan de Pacaya,Volcano Pacayal,Volcán Pacava,Volcán de Pacaya	14.38206	-90.60154	T	VLC	GT		06				0	2552	2183	America/Guatemala	2023-05-16
3592237	Nebaj	Nebaj	Nebaj	15.40614	-91.14682	P	PPLA2	GT		14				23301		1909	America/Guatemala	2017-03-04
3592319	Volcán Moyuta	Volcan Moyuta	Volcan Moyuta,Volcan Moyutla,Volcán Moyuta,Volcán Moyutla	14.03023	-90.09491	T	VLC	GT		11				0	1662	1650	America/Guatemala	2020-08-12
3592387	Volcán Monterrico	Volcan Monterrico		14.55	-89.75	T	VLC	GT		10				0		978	America/Guatemala	1993-12-23
3592390	Monterrico	Monterrico	Monterrico	13.89417	-90.48	P	PPL	GT		18				0		10	America/Guatemala	2018-05-09
3592391	Monterrico	Monterrico	Monte Rico,Monterrico	13.77167	-90.11083	P	PPL	GT		11				0		13	America/Guatemala	2019-08-08
3593579	Volcán Las Víboras	Volcan Las Viboras	Cerro Las Viboras,Cerro Las Víboras,Cerro Viboras,Cerro Vivoras,Cerro Víboras,Cerro Vívoras,Cerro de Las Vivoras,Cerro de Las Vívoras,Volcan Las Viboras,Volcán Las Víboras	14.21194	-89.72667	T	VLC	GT		11				0	1110	1095	America/Guatemala	2012-01-18
3594315	Lanquín	Lanquin	Lanquin,Lanquín	15.57568	-89.98078	P	PPLA2	GT		01	1611			2006		349	America/Guatemala	2020-10-14
3594346	Cerro La Montaña	Cerro La Montana	Cerro La Montana,Cerro La Montaña,La Montana,La Montaña	14.45	-90.58333	T	VLC	GT		07				0		1425	America/Guatemala	2012-01-18
3594927	Volcán Lacandón	Volcan Lacandon	Cerro Lacandon,Cerro Lacandón,Volcan Lacandon,Volcán Lacandón	14.81719	-91.7169	T	VLC	GT		13				0		2734	America/Guatemala	2019-01-09
3595089	Volcán Jumaytepeque	Volcan Jumaytepeque	Cerro Jumaytepeque,Volcan Jumay,Volcan Jumaytepeque,Volcán Jumay,Volcán Jumaytepeque	14.33962	-90.27043	T	VLC	GT		18				0	1815	1803	America/Guatemala	2020-06-10
3595091	Volcán Jumay	Volcan Jumay	Volcan Jumay,Volcán Jumay	14.6942	-89.9925	T	VLC	GT		10				0	2176	2178	America/Guatemala	2020-05-07
3595267	Volcán Ixtepeque	Volcan Ixtepeque	Cerro Ixtepeque,Ixteque,Volcan Ixtepeque,Volcán Ixtepeque	14.42408	-89.68334	T	VLC	GT		11				0	1292	1287	America/Guatemala	2020-06-10
3595362	Volcán de Ipala	Volcan de Ipala	Volcan de Ipala,Volcán de Ipala	14.55996	-89.64441	T	VLC	GT		00				0	1650	1617	America/Guatemala	2020-02-07
3595416	Huehuetenango	Huehuetenango	HUG,Huehuetenangas,Huehuetenango,Uehuehtenango,Ueuetenango,ue-uetenang-go,ueuetenango,wei wei te nan ge,Уеуетенанго,Уэуэтенанго,ウェウェテナンゴ,韋韋特南戈,우에우에테낭고	15.32097	-91.47001	P	PPLA	GT		08	1301			79426		1907	America/Guatemala	2025-05-15
3595696	Volcán de Fuego	Volcan de Fuego	Fuego,Fuego ugnikalnis,Fuehgo,Volcan de Fuego,Volcán de Fuego,Volkan nte Fouego,Vulkan Fuehga,atshfshan fwygw,fu ai ge huo shan,fuego shan,puego hwasan,Βολκάν ντε Φουέγο,Вулкан Фуэга,Фуего,Фуэго,פואגו,آتشفشان فوئگو,フエゴ山,富埃戈火山,푸에고 화산	14.47461	-90.88096	T	VLC	GT		03				0	3763	3764	America/Guatemala	2018-06-06
3595724	Cerro de las Flores	Cerro de las Flores	Cerro de las Flores	14.3	-90	T	VLC	GT		11				0	1600	1351	America/Guatemala	2020-04-08
3595725	Flores	Flores	FRS,Flores,Flores Peten,Flores Petén,Floresas,flwrys  ayl pytyn,fu luo lei si,peulloleseu,phloresa,plwrs,Флорес,פלורס,فلوریس، ایل پیتین,ফ্লোরেস,弗洛雷斯,플로레스	16.92258	-89.89941	P	PPLA	GT		12	1701			20464		121	America/Guatemala	2020-07-12
3597789	Volcán Culma	Volcan Culma	Volcan Culma,Volcán Culma	14.29861	-89.87839	T	VLC	GT		11				0		1019	America/Guatemala	2020-03-08
3597856	Volcán Cruz Quemada	Volcan Cruz Quemada	Cerro Cruz Quemada,Volcan Cruz Quemada,Volcán Cruz Quemada	14.17111	-90.27778	T	VLC	GT		18				0		1583	America/Guatemala	2020-06-10
3598034	Comalapa	Comalapa	Comalapa	14.74086	-90.88761	P	PPLA2	GT		03	404			32312		2115	America/Guatemala	2023-02-11
3598119	Cobán	Coban	CBV,Coban,Cobán,Koban,Kobanas,Santo Domingo de Coban,Santo Domingo de Cobán,ke wan,koban,Кобан,קובאן,科萬,코반	15.47025	-90.37455	P	PPLA	GT		01	1601			212047		1326	America/Guatemala	2025-05-15
3598132	Guatemala City	Guatemala City	Cidade da Guatemala,Citta del Guatemala,Città del Guatemala,Ciudad Guatemala,Ciudad de Guatemala,Ciutat de Guatemala,GUA,Guate,Guatemala,Guatemala City,Guatemala Hiria,Guatemala by,Guatemala la Nueva,Guatemala-Stadt,Guatemala-Urbo,Guatemala-stad,Gvatemala,Gvatemalurbo,Gwatemala,New Guatemala,Nueva Guatemala,Nueva Guatemala de la Asuncion,Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción,Pole tes Gouatemalas,Santiago de Guatimala,gua de ma la shi,guatemarashiti,gwatemalla si,gwatemallasiti,kawtemalasiti,mdynt ghwatymala,shhr gwatmala,Πόλη της Γουατεμάλας,Гватемала,גואטמלה סיטי,גוואטמלה סיטי,شهر گواتمالا,مدينة غواتيمالا,กัวเตมาลาซิตี,グアテマラシティ,瓜地馬拉市,과테말라 시,과테말라시티	14.64072	-90.51327	P	PPLC	GT		07	101			994938		1508	America/Guatemala	2020-07-15
3598479	Volcán Chiquibal	Volcan Chiquibal	Volcan Chicabal,Volcán Chicabal	14.79	-91.655	T	VLC	GT		13				0	2900	2725	America/Guatemala	2020-04-05
3598508	Cerro Chino	Cerro Chino	Cerro Chino	14.39144	-90.60759	T	VLC	GT		06				0		2244	America/Guatemala	2019-04-10
3598655	Chichicastenango	Chichicastenango	Chichicastenango,Chichikastenango,Santo Tomas Chichicastenango,Santo Tomás Chichicastenango,Чичикастенанго	14.94333	-91.11116	P	PPLA2	GT		14				141567		2077	America/Guatemala	2023-02-09
3598881	Volcán Cerro Quemado	Volcan Cerro Quemado	Cerro Quemado,Volcan Cerro Quemado,Volcán Cerro Quemado	14.79976	-91.51877	T	VLC	GT		13				0		3074	America/Guatemala	2020-06-10
3599627	Volcán Atitlán	Volcan Atitlan	Volcan Atitan,Volcan Atitlan,Volcán Atitlán,Volcán Atitán	14.58331	-91.18666	T	VLC	GT		19	719			0	3535	3230	America/Guatemala	2025-01-16
3599699	Antigua Guatemala	Antigua Guatemala	Antigoua Gouatemala,Antigua,Antigua Guatemala,Antigua-Guatemala,Antigua-Gvatemala,Antigva Gvatemala,Antikva Gvatemalo,Huehcauh Cuauhtemallan,Huehcāuh Cuauhtēmallān,Muy Noble y Muy Leal Ciudad de Santiago de los Caballeros,Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala,The Most Noble and Most Loyal City of Santiago of the Knights of Goathemala,an de gua,antikuva kuvattamala,Αντίγουα Γουατεμάλα,Антигва Гватемала,Антигуа-Гватемала,Антигуа-Гуатемала,Антіґуа-Ґватемала,אנטיגואה גואטמלה,ஆன்டிகுவா குவாத்தமாலா,ანტიგუა-გვატემალა,アンティグア・グアテマラ,安地瓜	14.55636	-90.7332	P	PPLA	GT		16				46054		1583	America/Guatemala	2025-05-15
3599727	Volcán Amayo	Volcan Amayo	Volcan Amayo,Volcán Amayo	14.30678	-89.99613	T	VLC	GT		11				0		1580	America/Guatemala	2020-03-08
3599762	Volcán Alzatate	Volcan Alzatate	Volcan Alzatate,Volcán Alzatate	14.48407	-90.03848	T	VLC	GT		10				0		2048	America/Guatemala	2019-09-05
3599975	Volcán de Agua	Volcan de Agua	Agua,Agvos ugnikalnis,Volcan de Agua,Volcano Agua,Volcán de Agua,agua shan,atshfshan agwa,shui huo shan,Агуа,Ագուա,אגואה,آتشفشان آگوا,アグア山,水火山	14.46523	-90.74274	T	VLC	GT		16				0	3760	3430	America/Guatemala	2023-05-16
3600006	Volcán de Acatenango	Volcan de Acatenango	Volcan Acatenango,Volcan de Acatenango,Volcán Acatenango,Volcán de Acatenango	14.5007	-90.87567	T	VLC	GT		03				0	3976	3949	America/Guatemala	2018-06-06
8285520	Río Dulce	Rio Dulce	LCF,Rio Dulce,Río Dulce	15.65825	-89.00205	P	PPL	GT		09	1802			0		7	America/Guatemala	2020-07-16
11983398	Volcán Coxliquel	Volcan Coxliquel	Volcan Coxliquel,Volcán Coxliquel	14.90135	-91.42479	T	VLC	GT		21				0		2590	America/Guatemala	2018-12-08
12055289	Monterrico	Monterrico	Monterrico	15.61589	-90.8867	P	PPL	GT		14				0		741	America/Guatemala	2019-06-08
12056342	Monterrico	Monterrico	Monterrico	16.87484	-89.59599	P	PPL	GT		12				0		349	America/Guatemala	2019-06-08

Foreign visitors are at risk of scams. Scams come in many forms and can lead to great financial loss. Warn your friends and family to be sceptical if they are asked to transfer funds to you in Guatemala. Tell them to contact you to check that you have made this request.

Before you climb volcanoes, visit the websites of the Guatemalan Meteorological Office (Spanish language website) and CONRED, Guatemala’s disaster agency for information on access, restrictions and recommendations.

Follow the advice of local authorities. Some volcanoes are at high altitude with freezing temperatures at night. Warm clothing and waterproofs are essential. Local tour organisers tend to underestimate the risks and deaths have occurred. There is no mountain rescue service. 

There is a risk of volcanic eruptions in Guatemala. Monitor local media and seek advice from your tour operator in case of possible travel disruption. For further information see CONRED, Guatemala’s disaster agency (in Spanish).

Readme for GeoNames Gazetteer extract files

============================================================================================================

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License,
see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Data is provided "as is" without warranty or any representation of accuracy, timeliness or completeness.

The data format is tab-delimited text in utf8 encoding.


Files :
-------
XX.zip                   : features for country with iso code XX, see 'geoname' table for columns. 'no-country' for features not belonging to a country.
allCountries.zip         : all countries combined in one file, see 'geoname' table for columns
cities500.zip            : all cities with a population > 500 or seats of adm div down to PPLA4 (ca 185.000), see 'geoname' table for columns
cities1000.zip           : all cities with a population > 1000 or seats of adm div down to PPLA3 (ca 130.000), see 'geoname' table for columns
cities5000.zip           : all cities with a population > 5000 or PPLA (ca 50.000), see 'geoname' table for columns
cities15000.zip          : all cities with a population > 15000 or capitals (ca 25.000), see 'geoname' table for columns
alternateNamesV2.zip     : alternate names with language codes and geonameId, file with iso language codes, with new columns from and to
alternateNames.zip       : obsolete use V2, this file does not have the new columns to and from and will be removed in the future
admin1CodesASCII.txt     : names in English for admin divisions. Columns: code, name, name ascii, geonameid
admin2Codes.txt          : names for administrative subdivision 'admin2 code' (UTF8), Format : concatenated codes <tab>name <tab> asciiname <tab> geonameId
iso-languagecodes.txt    : iso 639 language codes, as used for alternate names in file alternateNames.zip
featureCodes.txt         : name and description for feature classes and feature codes 
timeZones.txt            : countryCode, timezoneId, gmt offset on 1st of January, dst offset to gmt on 1st of July (of the current year), rawOffset without DST
countryInfo.txt          : country information : iso codes, fips codes, languages, capital ,...
                           see the geonames webservices for additional country information,
                                bounding box                         : http://api.geonames.org/countryInfo?
                                country names in different languages : http:/api.geonames.org/countryInfoCSV?lang=it
modifications-<date>.txt : all records modified on the previous day, the date is in yyyy-MM-dd format. You can use this file to daily synchronize your own geonames database.
deletes-<date>.txt       : all records deleted on the previous day, format : geonameId <tab> name <tab> comment.

alternateNamesModifications-<date>.txt : all alternate names modified on the previous day,
alternateNamesDeletes-<date>.txt       : all alternate names deleted on the previous day, format : alternateNameId <tab> geonameId <tab> name <tab> comment.
userTags.zip		: user tags , format : geonameId <tab> tag.
hierarchy.zip		: parentId, childId, type. The type 'ADM' stands for the admin hierarchy modeled by the admin1-4 codes. The other entries are entered with the user interface. The relation toponym-adm hierarchy is not included in the file, it can instead be built from the admincodes of the toponym.
adminCode5.zip		: the new adm5 column is not yet exported in the other files (in order to not break import scripts). Instead it is availabe as separate file.
			  columns: geonameId,adm5code

The main 'geoname' table has the following fields :
---------------------------------------------------
geonameid         : integer id of record in geonames database
name              : name of geographical point (utf8) varchar(200)
asciiname         : name of geographical point in plain ascii characters, varchar(200)
alternatenames    : alternatenames, comma separated, ascii names automatically transliterated, convenience attribute from alternatename table, varchar(10000)
latitude          : latitude in decimal degrees (wgs84)
longitude         : longitude in decimal degrees (wgs84)
feature class     : see http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html, char(1)
feature code      : see http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html, varchar(10)
country code      : ISO-3166 2-letter country code, 2 characters
cc2               : alternate country codes, comma separated, ISO-3166 2-letter country code, 200 characters
admin1 code       : fipscode (subject to change to iso code), see exceptions below, see file admin1Codes.txt for display names of this code; varchar(20)
admin2 code       : code for the second administrative division, a county in the US, see file admin2Codes.txt; varchar(80) 
admin3 code       : code for third level administrative division, varchar(20)
admin4 code       : code for fourth level administrative division, varchar(20)
population        : bigint (8 byte int) 
elevation         : in meters, integer
dem               : digital elevation model, srtm3 or gtopo30, average elevation of 3''x3'' (ca 90mx90m) or 30''x30'' (ca 900mx900m) area in meters, integer. srtm processed by cgiar/ciat.
timezone          : the iana timezone id (see file timeZone.txt) varchar(40)
modification date : date of last modification in yyyy-MM-dd format


AdminCodes:
Most adm1 are FIPS codes. ISO codes are used for US, CH, BE and ME. UK and Greece are using an additional level between country and fips code. The code '00' stands for general features where no specific adm1 code is defined.
The corresponding admin feature is found with the same countrycode and adminX codes and the respective feature code ADMx.



The table 'alternate names' :
-----------------------------
alternateNameId   : the id of this alternate name, int
geonameid         : geonameId referring to id in table 'geoname', int
isolanguage       : iso 639 language code 2- or 3-characters, optionally followed by a hyphen and a countrycode for country specific variants (ex:zh-CN) or by a variant name (ex: zh-Hant); 4-characters 'post' for postal codes and 'iata','icao' and faac for airport codes, fr_1793 for French Revolution names,  abbr for abbreviation, link to a website (mostly to wikipedia), wkdt for the wikidataid, varchar(7)
alternate name    : alternate name or name variant, varchar(400)
isPreferredName   : '1', if this alternate name is an official/preferred name
isShortName       : '1', if this is a short name like 'California' for 'State of California'
isColloquial      : '1', if this alternate name is a colloquial or slang term. Example: 'Big Apple' for 'New York'.
isHistoric        : '1', if this alternate name is historic and was used in the past. Example 'Bombay' for 'Mumbai'.
from		  : from period when the name was used
to		  : to period when the name was used

Remark : the field 'alternatenames' in the table 'geoname' is a short version of the 'alternatenames' table without links and postal codes but with ascii transliterations. You probably don't need both. 
If you don't need to know the language of a name variant, the field 'alternatenames' will be sufficient. If you need to know the language
of a name variant, then you will need to load the table 'alternatenames' and you can drop the column in the geoname table.




Boundaries:
Simplified country boundaries are available in two slightly different formats:
shapes_simplified_low:
geonameId: 	The geonameId of the feature
geoJson:	The boundary in geoJson format

shapes_simplified_low.json:
similar to the abovementioned file, but fully in geojson format. The geonameId is a feature property in the geojson string.


Statistics on the number of features per country and the feature class and code distributions : http://www.geonames.org/statistics/ 


Continent codes :
AF : Africa			geonameId=6255146
AS : Asia			geonameId=6255147
EU : Europe			geonameId=6255148
NA : North America		geonameId=6255149
OC : Oceania			geonameId=6255151
SA : South America		geonameId=6255150
AN : Antarctica			geonameId=6255152


feature classes:
A: country, state, region,...
H: stream, lake, ...
L: parks,area, ...
P: city, village,...
R: road, railroad 
S: spot, building, farm
T: mountain,hill,rock,... 
U: undersea
V: forest,heath,...


If you find errors or miss important places, please do use the wiki-style edit interface on our website 
https://www.geonames.org to correct inaccuracies and to add new records. 
Thanks in the name of the geonames community for your valuable contribution.

Data Sources:
https://www.geonames.org/datasources/


More Information is also available in the geonames faq :

https://forum.geonames.org/gforum/forums/show/6.page

The forum : https://forum.geonames.org

or the google group : https://groups.google.com/group/geonames

Do not hike trails or volcanoes without a qualified local guide. Robberies can happen and getting help can be difficult.

PDF page 24

parte del área del volcán Tajumulco y el acceso principal a la cima del mismo, en la comunidad de 
aldea Villa Real. El v olcán Tajumulco es considera do el más alto de Guatemala  ya que cuenta con 
una altura máxima de 4,220 metros sobre el nivel del mar. 
 
Mapa 1. Localización del municipio 
 
Fuente: Capas de información DMP municipalidad de Tajumulco, INE e IGN  
Elaborado por: Proyecto “Promoviendo Territorios Sostenibles y Resilientes en Paisajes de la cadena